Appendix 1: PSC Inspection Data

Table 1 - Ship Arrivals in 2023

Ship type	2022	2023	Change
Bulk carrier	14,456	14,493	+0.3%
Chemical tanker	928	467	-49.7%
Container ship	3,897	4,169	+7.0%
Gas carrier	1,359	1,475	+8.5%
General cargo/ multi-purpose	1,180	1,750	+48.3%
Livestock carrier	231	239	+3.5%
Oil tanker	842	839	-0.4%
Passenger ships	488	1,075	+120.3%
Vehicle carrier	1,439	1,140	-20.8%
Other	1,954	3,116	+59.5%
Total arrivals	26,774	28,763	+7.4%

Table 2 - PSC Inspections by ship type

Ship type	2019	2020	2021	2022	2023
Bulk carrier	1,826	1,840	1,712	1,181	1,444
Chemical tanker	201	235	191	126	62
Combination carrier	0	1	4	2	6
Commercial yacht	0	0	1	0	0
Container ship	327	263	238	302	323
Gas carrier	77	55	24	31	40
General cargo/ multi-purpose ship	129	135	156	177	258
Heavy load carrier	40	36	27	12	12
High speed passenger craft	0	0	0	0	0
Livestock carrier	56	29	36	35	33
MODU or FPSO	0	0	0	1	1
NLS tanker	30	31	27	19	14
Offshore service vessel	12	15	10	7	16
Oil tanker	168	126	124	128	106
Oil tanker/ chemical tanker	0	2	16	67	112
Oil Tanker/ NLS Tanker	0	0	1	1	0
Other types of ship	21	18	26	17	27
Passenger ship	56	23	2	27	54
Refrigerated cargo ship	2	1	4	2	5
Ro-ro cargo ship	9	2	4	4	6
Ro-ro passenger ship	0	1	0	1	0
Special purpose ship	10	8	5	5	3
Tugboat	24	26	18	28	35
Vehicle carrier	172	122	129	169	193
Wood-chip carrier	62	52	65	63	47
Totals	3,222	3,021	2,820	2,405	2,797

Table 2 shows the number of inspections by ship type from 2019 to 2023.

Table 3 - Inspections by location (top 15 locations in 2023)

Port	2022	2023	% Change	% of total in 2023
Port Hedland	204	367	+79.9%	13.1%
Newcastle	294	318	+8.2%	11.4%
Brisbane	176	256	+45.5%	9.2%
Fremantle	246	256	+4.1%	9.2%
Melbourne	235	249	+6.0%	8.9%
Dampier	119	210	+76.5%	7.5%
Sydney	204	177	-13.2%	6.3%
Gladstone	93	100	+7.5%	3.6%
Hay Point	82	79	-3.7%	2.8%
Townsville	77	78	+1.3%	2.8%
Port Kembla	61	77	+26.2%	2.8%
Geelong	70	76	+8.6%	2.7%
Darwin	65	67	+3.1%	2.4%
Port Adelaide	77	64	-16.9%	2.3%
Geraldton	74	58	-21.6%	2.1%

Table 4 – PSC inspections in 2023 by state/territory

State/territory	PSC inspections
Western Australia	999
Queensland	636
New South Wales	572
Victoria	340
Tasmania	100
South Australia	77
Northern Territory	72
Christmas Island	1
Total	2797

Table 5 – Inspections by flag State

Flag State	2019	2020	2021	2022	2023
ANTIGUA & BARBUDA	30	37	36	32	52
BAHAMAS	119	114	89	79	101
BANGLADESH	0	0	1	0	1
BARBADOS	1	2	1	1	4
BELGIUM	3	12	3	4	10
BELIZE	0	0	0	0	0
BERMUDA	17	7	3	4	9
BRUNEI DARUSSALAM	0	0	0	0	0
CAYMAN ISLANDS	29	29	25	15	14
CHINA	63	36	41	52	55
COOK ISLANDS	5	8	9	6	7
CROATIA	0	1	1	0	1
CYPRUS	66	54	57	51	58
DENMARK	24	12	10	15	12
DOMINICA	1	0	0	0	0
EGYPT	0	0	0	0	0
FIJI	0	0	0	0	0
FRANCE	8	3	0	5	3
GERMANY	4	1	3	0	2
GIBRALTAR	2	2	3	4	4
GREECE	63	47	42	24	41
HONG KONG, CHINA	399	330	358	257	277
INDIA	6	5	7	7	7
INDONESIA	0	0	1	1	0
ISLE OF MAN	54	40	42	22	33
ITALY	24	20	9	5	10
JAMAICA	2	0	1	3	2
JAPAN	58	66	49	43	48
KIRIBATI	0	0	0	1	0
KOREA (THE REPUBLIC OF)	37	27	23	30	26
KUWAIT	4	3	3	4	2
LIBERIA	401	399	378	313	446
LIBYA	2	0	1	0	0
LUXEMBOURG	16	5	8	6	6
MALAYSIA	12	8	6	2	7
MALTA	191	184	143	125	136
MARSHALL ISLANDS	405	397	429	353	349
MONTENEGRO	0	0	1	1	2
NETHERLANDS	22	23	14	21	38
NEW ZEALAND	2	1	2	2	4
NORWAY	70	55	56	49	76
PAKISTAN	0	1	0	0	0
PALAU	0	0	0	0	2
PANAMA	678	703	624	523	568
PAPUA NEW GUINEA	0	1	0	0	2
PHILIPPINES	11	9	7	11	6
PORTUGAL	42	35	34	29	56
QATAR	0	5	3	1	1
RUSSIAN FEDERATION	1	0	0	0	0
SAINT VINCENT AND THE GRENADINES	0	0	1	3	1
SAMOA	0	0	1	0	0
SAUDI ARABIA	2	0	0	1	2
SINGAPORE	289	295	238	248	255
SOUTH AFRICA	0	0	1	0	0
SPAIN	2	1	0	0	0
SRI LANKA	1	0	1	0	0
SWEDEN	7	2	6	7	8
SWITZERLAND	1	1	1	2	2
TAIWAN (PROVINCE OF CHINA)	9	10	10	6	12
THAILAND	6	6	10	4	4
TURKEY	3	1	2	1	0
TUVALU	1	2	1	4	3
UNITED KINGDOM	22	18	16	17	21
UNITED STATES OF AMERICA	2	0	2	8	4
VANUATU	4	3	5	1	6
VIETNAM	0	0	2	1	1
Total:	3222	3021	2820	2405	2797

Table 6 - Deficiencies by category and ship type

Ship type	Structural / Equipment	Operational	Human Factor	ISM	MLC	Total deficiencies
Bulk carrier	2153	591	588	217	553	4102
Chemical tanker	30	7	4	5	15	61
Combination carrier	5	2	0	1	0	8
Container ship	654	192	102	48	164	1160
Gas carrier	43	3	6	4	4	60
General cargo/multi-purpose ship	372	117	130	46	112	777
Heavy load carrier	14	1	5	1	0	21
Livestock carrier	34	6	9	1	5	55
NLS tanker	12	3	0	0	10	25
Offshore service vessel	34	16	9	1	3	63
Oil tanker	107	16	15	3	21	162
Oil tanker/chemical tanker	78	24	18	2	22	144
Other types of ship	45	37	14	3	8	107
Passenger ship	46	12	32	5	15	110
Refrigerated cargo vessel	11	13	8	2	17	51
Ro-ro cargo ship	16	12	7	1	0	36
Special purpose ship	8	2	0	0	4	14
Tugboat	75	29	14	2	5	125
Vehicle carrier	145	45	49	12	44	295
Wood-chip carrier	56	16	11	4	28	115
Totals for 2023	3938	1144	1021	358	1030	7491
2023 category deficiency rates	1.4	0.4	0.4	0.1	0.4	2.7
Totals for 2022	3068	1003	940	299	1006	6216
2022 category deficiency rates	1.2	0.4	0.4	0.1	0.4	2.6

Table 7 - Rate of deficiencies per inspection by category and ship type

	Structural / Equipment	Operational	Human Factor	ISM	MLC	Total inspections	Total Deficiencies	Deficiency rate	Number of Detentions	Detention Rate
bulk carrier	1.49	0.41	0.41	0.15	0.38	1444	4102	2.84	98	6.8%
chemical tanker	0.48	0.11	0.06	0.08	0.24	62	61	0.98	5	8.1%
combination carrier	0.83	0.33	0.00	0.17	0.00	6	8	1.33	0	0.0%
container ship	2.02	0.59	0.32	0.15	0.51	323	1160	3.59	22	6.8%
gas carrier	1.08	0.08	0.15	0.10	0.10	40	60	1.50	3	7.5%
general cargo/multi-purpose ship	1.44	0.45	0.50	0.18	0.43	258	777	3.01	30	11.6%
heavy load carrier	1.17	0.08	0.42	0.08	0.00	12	21	1.75	2	16.7%
livestock carrier	1.03	0.18	0.27	0.03	0.15	33	55	1.67	1	3.0%
MODU or FPSO	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	1	0.00	0.00	0	0.0%
NLS tanker	0.86	0.21	0.00	0.00	0.71	14	25	1.79	0	0.0%
offshore service vessel	2.13	1.00	0.56	0.06	0.19	16	63	3.94	2	12.5%
oil tanker	1.01	0.15	0.14	0.03	0.20	106	162	1.53	3	2.8%
oil tanker/chemical tanker	0.70	0.21	0.16	0.02	0.20	112	144	1.29	1	0.9%
other types of ship	1.67	1.37	0.52	0.11	0.30	27	107	3.96	0	0.0%
passenger ship	0.85	0.22	0.59	0.09	0.28	54	110	2.04	0	0.0%
refrigerated cargo vessel	2.20	2.60	1.60	0.40	3.40	5	51	10.20	0	0.0%
ro-ro cargo ship	2.67	2.00	1.17	0.17	0.00	6	36	6.00	1	16.7%
special purpose ship	2.67	0.67	0.00	0.00	1.33	3	14	4.67	1	33.3%
tugboat	2.14	0.83	0.40	0.06	0.14	35	125	3.57	1	2.9%
vehicle carrier	0.75	0.23	0.25	0.06	0.23	193	295	1.53	5	2.6%
wood-chip carrier	1.19	0.34	0.23	0.09	0.60	47	115	2.45	1	2.1%
Category deficiency Rate	1.41	0.41	0.37	0.13	0.37	2797	7491	2.68	176	6.3%
Category deficiency count	3938	1144	1021	358	1030

Figures in bold are above average.
Figures in emphasis are the top five for each category

Table 8 - Change in deficiency rate per inspection by category only

Deficiency	2022	2023	Trend
Structure/equipment	1.2	1.4	↑
Operational	0.4	0.4	→
Human factors	0.4	0.4	→
ISM	0.1	0.1	→
MLC	0.4	0.4	→

Table 9 - Detainable deficiencies by deficiency type

Deficiency Type	2022 Deficiency Count	2022 Deficiency Share	2023 Deficiency Count	2023 Deficiency Share	Trend
ISM	64	29.1%	71	27.0 %	↓
Fire safety	32	15.6%	40	15.2%	↓
Water/weather-tight conditions	14	6.4%	33	12.6%	↑
Emergency systems	23	10.5%	30	11.4%	↑
Lifesaving appliances	20	9.1%	25	9.5%	↑
Pollution prevention – Annex I	10	4.6%	13	4.9%	↑
Labour conditions	16	7.3%	11	4.2%	↓
Pollution prevention – Annex IV	8	3.6%	10	3.8%	↑
Structural conditions	2	0.9%	7	2.7%	↑
Other	12	5.5%	6	2.3%	↓
Propulsion and auxiliary machinery	6	2.7%	5	1.9%	↓
Certificates and documentation	2	0.9%	5	1.9%	↑
Radio communications	3	1.4%	3	1.1%	↓
Safety of navigation	3	1.4%	2	0.8%	↓
Cargo operations including equipment	5	2.3%	2	0.8%	↓

Table 10 - Top five detention rates by ship type in 2022 and 2023

	2022 – 6.0% % average (number of detentions)	2023 – 6.3% average (number of detentions)
AMSA detained 176 ships in 2023, with an average detention rate of 6.3%.	General cargo/multi-purpose ship – 11.9 % (21)	Heavy load carrier – 16.7 % (2)
	Container ship -Ship – 8.3% (25)	Offshore service Vessel – 12.5% (2)
	Wood-chip carrier -– 7.9% (5)	General cargo/multi-purpose ship -– 11.6 % (30)
	Bulk carrier -– 6.4% (76)	Chemical tanker – 8.1% (5)
	NLS Tanker – 5.3% (1)	Gas carrier – 7.5% (3)

Table 11 – Detentions by ship type*

Category	2023		2022
Ship type	Inspections	Detentions	Detention rate	Detention rate
bulk carrier	1,444	98	6.8%	6.4%
chemical tanker	62	5	8.1%	2.4%
container ship	323	22	6.8%	8.3%
gas carrier	40	3	7.5%	0.0%
general cargo/multi-purpose ship	258	30	11.6%	11.9%
heavy load carrier	12	2	16.7%	0%
livestock carrier	33	1	3.0%	0%
NLS tanker	14	0	0.0%	5.3%
offshore service vessel*	16	2	12.5%	N/A*
oil tanker	106	3	2.8%	2.3%
oil tanker/chemical tanker	112	1	0.9%	4.5%
other types of ship	27	0	0.0%	0%
passenger ship	54	0	0.0%	0%
tugboat	35	1	2.9%	3.6%
vehicle carrier	193	5	2.6%	2.4%
wood-chip carrier	47	1	2.1%	7.9%

* Ship types with less than 10 inspections are not counted in the detention rate performance assessment.

Table 12 - Flag States that exceeded the average in 2021, 2022 and 2023*

2021 (average 5.6%)		2022 (average 6.0%) 2023 (average 6.3%)		Detention rate (number)
Flag State	Detention rate (number)	Flag State	Detention rate (number)	Flag State	Detention rate (number)
Antigua and Barbuda	11.1% (4)	Antigua and Barbuda	25% (8)	Netherlands	15.8% (6)
Denmark	10.0% (1)	Cyprus	9.8% (5)	Antigua and Barbuda	15.4% (8)
Taiwan (Province of China)	10.0% (1)	Netherlands	9.5% (2)	Korea (the Republic of)	11.5% (3)
Thailand	10.0% (1)	Singapore	7.7% (19)	United Kingdom	9.5% (2)
Portugal	8.8% (3)	Liberia	7.0% (22)	Cyprus	8.6% (5)
Panama	7.2% (45)	Portugal	6.9% (2)	Taiwan (Province of China	8.3% (1)
Greece	7.1% (3)	Panama	6.5% (34)	Panama	7.7% (44)
Netherlands	7.1% (1)			Liberia	7.6% (34)
Liberia	6.6% (25)			Greece	7.3% (3)
Marshall Islands	6.5% (28)
United Kingdom	6.3% (1)
Hong Kong, China	5.9% (21)

* flag States with less than 10 inspections are not counted in the detention rate performance assessment

Table 13 – Inspections and detentions by flag State in 2023

Flag State	Inspections	Detentions	Detention rate
Antigua and Barbuda	52	8	15.4 %
Bahamas	101	3	3.0 %
Bangladesh	1	0	0.0 %
Barbados	4	0	0.0 %
Belgium	10	0	0.0 %
Bermuda	9	0	0.0 %
Cayman Islands	14	0	0.0 %
China	55	1	1.8 %
Cook Islands	7	1	14.3 %
Croatia	1	0	0.0 %
Cyprus	58	5	8.6 %
Denmark	12	0	0.0 %
France	3	0	0.0 %
Germany	2	0	0.0 %
Gibraltar	4	0	0.0 %
Greece	41	3	7.3 %
Hong Kong, China	277	13	4.7 %
India	7	1	14.3 %
Isle of Man	33	2	6.1 %
Italy	10	0	0.0 %
Jamaica	2	0	0.0 %
Japan	48	0	0.0 %
Korea (the Republic of)	26	3	11.5 %
Kuwait	2	0	0.0 %
Liberia	446	34	7.6 %
Luxembourg	6	1	16.7 %
Malaysia	7	0	0.0 %
Malta	136	7	5.1 %
Marshall Islands	349	22	6.3 %
Montenegro	2	1	50.0%
Netherlands	38	6	15.8 %
New Zealand	4	0	0.0 %
Norway	76	1	1.3 %
Palau	2	0	0.0 %
Panama	568	44	7.7 %
Papua New Guinea	2	1	50.0%
Philippines	6	0	0.0 %
Portugal	56	0	0.0 %
Qatar	1	0	0.0 %
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines	1	0	0.0 %
Saudi Arabia	2	0	0.0 %
Singapore	255	13	5.1 %
Sweden	8	1	12.5 %
Switzerland	2	1	50.0 %
Taiwan (province of China)	12	1	8.3 %
Thailand	4	0	0.0 %
Tuvalu	3	0	0.0 %
United Kingdom	21	2	9.5 %
United States of America	4	0	0.0 %
Vanuatu	6	1	16.7 %
Viet Nam	1	0	0.0 %
Total:	2,797	176	6.3 %

Note: flag States above the average detention rate with more than 10 inspections are provided in bold.

Table 14 – Ships issued with directions

Ship name (IMO number)	Flag	Direction	Issue date	Expiry
MSC Kymea II (IMO 9334844)	Liberia	Refused access for three months	27/02/2023	28/05/2023
Flevogracht (IMO 9509956)	Netherlands	Refused access for three months	18/03/2023	16/06/2023
Babuza Wisdom (IMO 9524815)	Panama	Refused access for three months	03/06/2023	01/09/2023
BBC Weser (IMO 9347047)	Antigua and Barbuda	Refused access for three months	12/06/2023	9/09/2023
BBC Pearl (IMO 9504786	Antigua and Barbuda	Refused access for six months	10/07/2023	05/01/2024
MSXT Emily (IMO 9929302)	Liberia	Refused access for one year	23/08/2023	22/08/2024
Big Lilly (IMO 9150406)	Marshall Islands	Refused access for 90 days	29/09/2023	29/12/2023
BBC Jade (IMO 9421116)	Antigua and Barbuda	Refused access for three months	17/11/2023	15/02/2024
Cesi Qingdao (IMO 9672832)	Hong Kong	Refused access for six months	23/12/2023	20/06/2023

Table 15 – Poor performing operators

Company Name	IMO Company Number	Issue date
Goldenking Ship Management Co Ltd	5752724	9 November 2023
Klaveness Ship Management AS Limited	5602215	9 November 2023
Trust Maritime Services Private Limited	9687069	29 August 2023
V.Ships Greece Limited	1425464	12 July 2023
Briese Heavylift GmbH & Co KG	6025045	14 April 2023
Marine Ace Company Limited	1333924	24 March 2023
First Marine Service Company Limited	0523249	24 March 2023
Asia Maritime Pacific (Shanghai) Limited	5636883	30 January 2023
MSC Shipmanagement Limited	1535947	30 January 2023
Chugoku Sougyo Company Limited	0724192	23 January 2023
COSCO Wallen Ship Management Company Limited	5177491	6 January 2023
Marmaras Navigation Limited	0067761	6 January 2023
TW Ship Management Private Limited	5910770	6 January 2023

Table 16 - Recognised Organisation Performance

Recognised Organisation	PSC inspection	Deficiencies	Detentions	Detention rate	Detainable deficiencies	RO responsible detainable deficiencies	RO responsible as share of all detainable deficiencies
American Bureau of Shipping (ABS)	381	827	19	5.0%	29	1	3.4%
Bureau Veritas (BV)	257	857	20	7.8%	26	1	3.8%
China Classification Society (CCS)	159	384	8	5.0%	13	0	0.0%
CR Classification Society (CCRS)	14	11	1	7.1%	1	0	0.0%
Croatian Register of Shipping (CRS)	5	12	0	0.0%	0	0	0.0%
DNV (formerly DNVGL) ¹	488	1,249	30	6.1%	44	4	10%
Indian Register of Shipping (IRS)	3	8	0	0.0%	0	0	0.0%
Korea Classification Society (KCS)	1	0	0	0.0%	0	0	0.0%
Korean Register of Shipping (KRS)	118	446	8	6.8%	14	1	7.1%
Lloyd's Register (LR)	365	1,025	26	7.1%	35	0	0.0%
Nippon Kaiji Kyokai (NKK)	906	2,271	53	5.8%	70	7	10.0%
RINA Services SpA (RINA)	89	327	10	11.2%	26	3	11.5%
No class	11	74	1	9.1%	5	0	0.0%
Totals:	2,797	7,491	176	6.3%	263	17	6.5%

¹ Note: the results for DNVGL and DNV have been merged after DNV changed their name.

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